Sharing notes from my ongoing learning journey — what I build, break and understand along the way.
Understanding IPsec Step by Step: Encryption, Tunnels, IKE, ESP, and More Sending data over the internet often means traveling through an environment full of risks. Our information passes through routers, switches, service providers, and various networks before it reaches its…
Understanding DPI Firewall: How Deep Packet Inspection Works and Why It Matters What Is DPI? A High-Level Overview DPI (Deep Packet Inspection) is a technology that analyzes network packets beyond basic headers, diving into the actual content (payload) of the…
Understanding WhatsApp’s Hybrid Encryption: Symmetric + Asymmetric Made Clear You’ve seen the famous WhatsApp line: “Your messages are end-to-end encrypted.” Sounds comforting, but for most people it basically means: “Okay… I think my chats are safe?” There’s actually a very…
Understanding Transformers: The Architecture Behind Modern AI Models A few years ago, if you wanted a machine to understand text, you had to feed it information word by word, like reading a sentence to a child very slowly and hoping…
Turn Your Python Script into a Windows EXE — Complete Beginner-Friendly Guide You’ve built your Python project, tested it, everything works perfectly. Now it’s time to share it… but the other person doesn’t have Python installed, no libraries, different system…
What Are White Box and Black Box Tests and When Should You Use Them? When writing code, just because something “runs” doesn’t mean it’s correct.To be sure our code actually works as expected, we need to test it.Two of the…
Understanding Pseudocode with an Example: Step-by-Step Explanation and Python Code Pseudocode is a simple, structured way to describe how an algorithm works without using any specific programming language.It’s not real code — it’s a human-readable description that shows the logical…
SQL Tutorial for Beginners: Learn Database Basics with DB Browser for SQLite The concept of a database is one of the most fundamental ideas in the software world.But many beginners don’t know where to start with SQL.In this post, we’ll…
Practice IP Subnetting — Interactive Trainer for Fast, Hands-On Drills I’m studying networking and I believe the only way to really learn subnetting is lots of practice. Theory is fine, but speed and accuracy come from repetition. I wrote this…
Understanding VPN and Tunneling in Depth What Is a VPN? A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a method of creating a secure, encrypted, and logical “private network” over an untrusted network (most commonly the internet).Its main goals are: Common Uses…