Sharing notes from my ongoing learning journey — what I build, break and understand along the way.
CIA Triad: The Three Core Pillars of Information Security I’m still quite new to security. As I read and explore more, I’m starting to see that while the fundamentals aren’t necessarily complicated, they definitely require careful thinking.This post is more…
Linear Regression and the Cost Function: Step-by-Step Guide with Calculations As someone who is just beginning to explore the field of artificial intelligence, I’ve realized that it’s not enough to focus solely on large models — I also need to…
What Are HTML and CSS? A Clear Introduction to the Foundations of the Web What Are HTML and CSS? A Clear Introduction to the Foundations of the Web I aim to specialize in artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. Although these fields…
Client vs Server: What Do They Mean in Web Development? When stepping into the world of web development, one of the first concepts you’ll encounter is the distinction between a “client” and a “server.” These two components form the backbone…
What Is Reinforcement Learning? A Beginner-Friendly Explanation with Examples In some machine learning problems, we don’t have the correct answer in advance, nor even labeled data. Instead, the model must learn from experience by trying, observing outcomes, and improving over…
Unsupervised Learning: How Machines Learn Without Labels In this section, I want to explore how we can build models even when we have no labeled data at all. This brings us to unsupervised learning—a set of techniques used when there’s…
Supervised Learning Explained: Regression and Classification for Beginners I’m currently taking a machine learning course on Coursera, and one of the first major topics covered is Supervised Learning. To solidify what I’ve learned and also share helpful content on my…
Inside the CPU: The 4 Steps of the Instruction Cycle As I continue learning how computers work at their core, one fundamental concept I’ve come across is the Instruction Cycle, also known as the Fetch–Decode–Execute–Store (FDES) cycle. This cycle is…
How Computer Memory Works — From CPU Registers to Disk Swap Since I’ve started learning how computers actually work under the hood, one of the topics that completely changed how I see system performance is something called the Memory Hierarchy.…
How Computers Understand 1s and 0s: Binary System, Character Encoding, and Logical Operations We’ve all heard that computers work with 1s and 0s, but what does that actually mean? What do those 1s and 0s represent? How do letters turn…